
On March 4, 1785, Dauphin County was formed from Lancaster County. In 1767 the remainder of the township was split into Upper Paxton Township and Lower Paxton Township. Hanover Township was separated off Paxton Township in 1736.

Paxton Township was divided several times. The word "Paxton" is used today instead of Paxtang. The spelling "Paxtang" is from the original Indian name Peshtank, which meant "standing water".

In 1729 Paxtang Township of Lancaster County was established. The population was 4,014 at the 2020 census. Upper Paxton Township is a township in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States.
